Mullol J, Chowdhury B A, White M V, Ohkubo K, Rieves R D, Baraniuk J, Hausfeld J N, Shelhamer J H, Kaliner M A
Allergic Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Apr;8(4):393-402. doi: 10.1165/ajrcmb/8.4.393.
Endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor peptide synthesized by endothelial and epithelial cells, was examined for its potential functions in human inferior turbinate nasal mucosal tissue by four techniques: (1) immunoreactive ET was localized in the mucosa by immunohistochemistry; (2) receptors for ET were identified by autoradiography employing [125I]ET; (3) ET-1 mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization; and (4) the secretory functions of ET were examined by the release of mucous and serous cell products after the addition of ET to human nasal turbinates in short-term cultures. Specific ET-1-immunoreactive material was found most extensively in small muscular arteries and in serous cells in submucosal glands. ET-1 was also found to a lower extent in the walls of venous sinusoids. [125I]ET-1 binding sites were localized by autoradiography to submucosal glands and to venous sinusoids and small muscular arterioles. mRNA for ET-1 was found most extensively in the venous sinusoids and to a lesser extent in small muscular arteries. In mucosal explant cultures, ET-1 and ET-2 stimulated lactoferrin and mucous glycoprotein release from serous and mucous cells, but ET-3 was inactive. The observations indicate that in the human nasal mucosa, ET is present in the vascular endothelium and the serous cells in submucosal glands and acts on glandular ET receptors to induce both serous and mucous cell secretion. It is also likely that ET plays a role in the regulation of vasomotor tone.
内皮素（ET）是一种由内皮细胞和上皮细胞合成的强效血管收缩剂和支气管收缩剂肽，通过四种技术检测了其在人类下鼻甲鼻黏膜组织中的潜在功能：（1）通过免疫组织化学将免疫反应性ET定位在黏膜中；（2）使用[125I]ET通过放射自显影鉴定ET受体；（3）通过原位杂交定位ET-1 mRNA；（4）在短期培养中将ET添加到人类鼻甲后，通过黏液和浆液细胞产物的释放来检测ET的分泌功能。发现特异性ET-1免疫反应性物质在小肌性动脉和黏膜下腺的浆液细胞中分布最广泛。在静脉窦壁中也发现了较低程度的ET-1。通过放射自显影将[125I]ET-1结合位点定位到黏膜下腺、静脉窦和小肌性小动脉。ET-1的mRNA在静脉窦中分布最广泛，在小肌性动脉中分布较少。在黏膜外植体培养中，ET-1和ET-2刺激了浆液细胞和黏液细胞释放乳铁蛋白和黏液糖蛋白，但ET-3无活性。这些观察结果表明，在人类鼻黏膜中，ET存在于血管内皮和黏膜下腺的浆液细胞中，并作用于腺性ET受体以诱导浆液细胞和黏液细胞分泌。ET也可能在血管运动张力的调节中起作用。
