Orkin M
Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Robbinsdale 55422.
Semin Dermatol. 1993 Mar;12(1):9-14.
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) will be the most common disease triggering crusted (Norwegian) scabies. Scabies should be suspected in any atypical itching (or non) rash in HIV/AIDS patients. Attempt to prove the diagnosis by doing a skin scraping, or if negative, a skin biopsy. Unusual forms of scabies in HIV/AIDS can be divided into crusted scabies and atypical (exaggerated) scabies. Therapy requires the sequential use of scabicides, usually over a longer period than is required to clear an ordinary case of scabies. Compliance is a concern, and the scabicides are best administered under supervision whenever possible. Isolating the index patient and treating the environment of patients with crusted or atypical scabies is much more significant than in ordinary scabies. The transmission in hospitals of ordinary scabies from an index patient with crusted scabies to other patients, health care workers, etc, is common. Protective measures and early diagnosis and therapy are essential.
人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）将是引发结痂性（挪威型）疥疮的最常见疾病。对于HIV/AIDS患者出现的任何非典型瘙痒性（或无瘙痒性）皮疹，均应怀疑疥疮。可通过进行皮肤刮片检查来尝试确诊，若结果为阴性，则进行皮肤活检。HIV/AIDS患者中不寻常的疥疮形式可分为结痂性疥疮和非典型（严重）疥疮。治疗需要序贯使用杀疥剂，通常所需时间比治愈普通疥疮病例更长。患者的依从性是一个问题，杀疥剂最好尽可能在监督下使用。隔离索引患者并对结痂性或非典型疥疮患者的环境进行处理，这比普通疥疮更为重要。在医院中，普通疥疮从患有结痂性疥疮的索引患者传播给其他患者、医护人员等的情况很常见。防护措施以及早期诊断和治疗至关重要。
