Janghorbani M, Daie Parizi M H, Ghorbani K
Department of Community Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Public Health. 1993 Mar;107(2):79-87. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80403-2.
In early 1990 an outbreak of measles occurred in Kerman City (population 257,284), Iran. Overall 745 cases were identified, four of whom died (case fatality ratio was 5.4 per thousand). Illness was limited, primarily, to children below 15 years of age: 166 (22.3%) cases were in children under five years, 573 (77%) in those aged between five and 14 years and six (0.8%) were above 15 years of age. The age of the cases ranged from 5 months to 35 years. The age-specific attack rates were 3.9, 1.8, 7.3 and 2.8 per 1,000 for children under 1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years of age respectively. Overall 14 (1.9%) children with measles were hospitalized for severe complications which consisted mainly of pneumonia, otitis and gastroenteritis. Based on 745 cases with available immunization records, vaccine efficacy was calculated at 88% indicating a slight problem with the cold chain or vaccine. The outbreak was primarily related to low immunization coverage during the last 10 years and indicates the need to improve vaccine coverage with the AIK-C existing vaccine. It also highlights the urgent need for an effective single-dose measles vaccine (Edmondson-Zagreb) for children below nine months of age.
1990年初，伊朗克尔曼市（人口257,284）爆发了麻疹疫情。共确诊745例病例，其中4例死亡（病死率为千分之5.4）。患病者主要为15岁以下儿童：166例（22.3%）为5岁以下儿童，573例（77%）为5至14岁儿童，6例（0.8%）为15岁以上儿童。病例年龄从5个月至35岁不等。1岁以下、1至4岁、5至9岁和10至14岁儿童的年龄别发病率分别为每1000人3.9、1.8、7.3和2.8例。共有14例（1.9%）患麻疹儿童因严重并发症住院，主要并发症包括肺炎、中耳炎和肠胃炎。根据745例有免疫记录的病例计算，疫苗效力为88%，这表明冷链或疫苗存在轻微问题。此次疫情主要与过去10年免疫接种覆盖率低有关，这表明需要提高现有AIK - C疫苗的接种覆盖率。这也凸显了迫切需要为9个月以下儿童提供一种有效的单剂量麻疹疫苗（埃德蒙森 - 萨格勒布疫苗）。
