Haynes J, Kirkpatrick M B
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile.
Am J Med Sci. 1993 May;305(5):326-30. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199305000-00013.
The acute chest syndrome (ACS), characterized by fever, chest pain, leukocytosis and a new infiltrate on chest roentgenogram, is a common complication of sickle hemoglobinopathies. The major differential diagnoses of ACS are pneumonia and pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease, which may occur simultaneously. Bacterial pulmonary infections are documented infrequently in ACS with the exception being in the pediatric population under 5 years of age. Because there are no clinical or laboratory parameters that clearly allow for distinction between pneumonia and vaso-occlusive disease, empiric use of antibiotics directed against S. pneumoniae and other pathogens commonly seen in community-acquired pneumonias remain a mainstay of therapy.
急性胸综合征（ACS）以发热、胸痛、白细胞增多和胸部X线片上新出现的浸润影为特征，是镰状血红蛋白病的常见并发症。ACS的主要鉴别诊断是肺炎和肺血管闭塞性疾病，这两种疾病可能同时发生。除了5岁以下的儿童群体外，细菌性肺部感染在ACS中并不常见。由于没有明确的临床或实验室参数能够区分肺炎和血管闭塞性疾病，经验性使用针对肺炎链球菌和社区获得性肺炎中常见的其他病原体的抗生素仍然是主要的治疗方法。
