Frisancho A R, Klayman J E, Matos J
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1977 Mar;46(2):265-74. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330460207.
Anthropometric measurements were made on 4,952 mothers and their neonates from a Peruvian urban population. Based on age-specific percentiles, the mothers were separated into categories of short and tall stature, high and low fat, and high and low muscle. The study indicates that: (1) tall and short mothers characterized by similar subcutaneous fat and upper arm muscle area (whether high or low) had newborns with similar birth weight and recumbent length; (2) mothers characterized by high subcutaneous fat had heavier and fatter, but not longer, newborns than mothers with low subcutaneous fat; (3) mothers characterized by high upper arm muscle area had heavier, leaner and longer newborns than mothers with low upper arm muscle area; (4) mothers characterized by high muscle and high fat had heavier and longer newborns than mothers with high muscle and low fat; but (5) mothers characterized by high muscle and low fat had heavier and longer newborns than mothers with low muscle and high fat. Considering that subcutaneous fat and arm muscle area reflect calorie and protein reserves respectively, it is concluded that an increase in maternal calorie reserves results in increased infant fatness, but a lesser increase in linear growth. In contrast, an increase in maternal protein reserves does enhance both birth weight and prenatal linear growth.
对来自秘鲁城市人口的4952名母亲及其新生儿进行了人体测量。根据特定年龄百分位数，将母亲分为身材矮小和高大、脂肪含量高和低以及肌肉含量高和低几类。研究表明：（1）皮下脂肪和上臂肌肉面积相似（无论高低）的身材高大和矮小的母亲，其新生儿的出生体重和身长相似；（2）皮下脂肪含量高的母亲所生的新生儿比皮下脂肪含量低的母亲所生的新生儿更重、更胖，但身长并不更长；（3）上臂肌肉面积大的母亲所生的新生儿比上臂肌肉面积小的母亲所生的新生儿更重、更瘦且更长；（4）肌肉含量高且脂肪含量高的母亲所生的新生儿比肌肉含量高但脂肪含量低的母亲所生的新生儿更重、更长；但是（5）肌肉含量高但脂肪含量低的母亲所生的新生儿比肌肉含量低但脂肪含量高的母亲所生的新生儿更重、更长。鉴于皮下脂肪和手臂肌肉面积分别反映热量和蛋白质储备，得出的结论是，母亲热量储备的增加会导致婴儿肥胖增加，但线性生长的增加幅度较小。相比之下，母亲蛋白质储备的增加确实会提高出生体重和产前线性生长。
