Jurman R D
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1977 Mar;46(2):353-65. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330460214.
Although degenerative joint disease is an old and exceedingly common problem, clinical investigators have not reached a consensus regarding the etiology of this disease. Comparative osteological analysis of the knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow joints of 789 individuals from four human skeletal populations (Black and White Americans, Pueblo Indians, and Alaskan Eskimos) indicates that age of onset, frequency, and location of degenerative changes are directly related to the nature and degree of environmentally associated stress, as reflected by the variable life styles of the populations sampled. Eskimos have the earliest onset and most severe involvement for all four joints studied, the right side is usually more affected than the left, and Blacks are more frequently involved than Whites in the knee, shoulder, and elbow. Functional stress, when constant and severe in nature, becomes the primary focus of degenerative disease, but other background contributing agents such as age, sex, and hormonal influence must not be ignored.
尽管退行性关节病是一个由来已久且极为常见的问题，但临床研究人员尚未就该疾病的病因达成共识。对来自四个人类骨骼群体（美国黑人和白人、普韦布洛印第安人以及阿拉斯加爱斯基摩人）的789人的膝关节、髋关节、肩关节和肘关节进行的比较骨学分析表明，退行性变化的发病年龄、频率和部位与环境相关压力的性质和程度直接相关，这一点从所采样群体的不同生活方式中可以反映出来。在所研究的所有四个关节中，爱斯基摩人的发病最早且受累最严重，右侧通常比左侧受影响更大，在膝关节、肩关节和肘关节方面，黑人比白人更常受累。当功能性压力持续且性质严重时，它就成为退行性疾病的主要关注点，但其他背景因素，如年龄、性别和激素影响也不容忽视。
