Paim J S, Costa M da C
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1993;27(1):1-14.
Data relating to infant mortality in Salvador, Brazil, were analyzed in order to determine how infant mortality evolved in various parts of the city during the period 1980-1988. This analysis showed sharp drops in the numbers of infant deaths, proportional infant mortality (infant deaths as a percentage of total deaths), and the infant mortality coefficient (infant deaths per thousand live births) during the study period despite deteriorating economic conditions. It also suggested that while these declines occurred throughout the city, the overall distribution of infant mortality in different reporting zones remained uneven. Among other things, these findings call attention to a need for further investigation of the roles played by various health measures (including immunization, control of respiratory and diarrheal diseases, encouragement of breast-feeding, and monitoring of growth and development) and of reduced fertility (resulting from birth spacing, use of contraceptives, and female sterilization) in bringing about declines in infant mortality during hard economic times.
为了确定1980年至1988年期间巴西萨尔瓦多市不同地区婴儿死亡率的变化情况，对该市婴儿死亡率相关数据进行了分析。该分析表明，尽管经济状况恶化，但在研究期间，婴儿死亡数量、婴儿比例死亡率（婴儿死亡数占总死亡数的百分比）和婴儿死亡率系数（每千例活产中的婴儿死亡数）均大幅下降。分析还表明，虽然全市范围内都出现了这些下降，但不同报告区域的婴儿死亡率总体分布仍不均衡。这些发现尤其提醒人们，需要进一步调查各种卫生措施（包括免疫接种、控制呼吸道和腹泻疾病、鼓励母乳喂养以及监测生长发育）以及降低生育率（因生育间隔、使用避孕药具和女性绝育所致）在经济困难时期促使婴儿死亡率下降方面所发挥的作用。
