Knudson A G
Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
Cancer. 1993 May 15;71(10 Suppl):3320-4. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3320::aid-cncr2820711730>3.0.co;2-1.
The great successes in the treatment of childhood cancers have been followed in recent years with a new understanding of the molecular genetic abnormalities that underlie their origin. For some cancers these genetic changes are in oncogenes; in others, they are in antioncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes. Initiating aberrations in the former are associated characteristically with chromosomal translocations, the analysis of which should soon lead to the identification of oncogenes other than those in the myc family. Several tumor suppressor genes of importance in the childhood cancers have been cloned and others should soon follow. It is reasonable to expect that during the current decade molecular understanding of the genetic defects in the major pediatric cancers will be achieved. The knowledge gained through these studies, past and future, may provide new approaches to prevention and treatment and lead to additional progress.
近年来，儿童癌症治疗取得了巨大成功，随之而来的是对其起源所基于的分子遗传异常有了新的认识。对于某些癌症，这些基因变化存在于癌基因中；对于其他癌症，它们存在于抗癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因中。前者起始的畸变通常与染色体易位有关，对其分析应很快能鉴定出除 myc 家族以外的癌基因。在儿童癌症中具有重要意义的几个肿瘤抑制基因已被克隆，其他的也应很快会被克隆出来。有理由期望在当前十年内能够实现对主要儿科癌症基因缺陷的分子层面理解。通过这些过去和未来的研究获得的知识，可能会为预防和治疗提供新方法，并带来更多进展。
