Schauffler H H, Parkinson M D
University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health.
Health Educ Q. 1993 Summer;20(2):185-206. doi: 10.1177/109019819302000211.
The health benefits from quitting smoking have been well documented; however, most health insurance plans in the United States, both public and private, have excluded coverage of smoking cessation services. Since 1988, numerous public health policy documents have called for health insurance coverage of smoking cessation services, although there is little agreement over what kinds of services or interventions are most appropriate for health insurance coverage. The purposes of this paper are to (1) describe current public policy for health insurance coverage of smoking cessation services; (2) review the current status of policy adoption by private health insurance carriers, health maintenance organizations, self-funded employers, as well as public insurance programs including Medicare and Medicaid; (3) analyze the major barriers faced by health insurers, health care providers and policy makers in offering coverage for smoking cessation services; and (4) outline the specific policy options that the federal government, state governments, employers and anti-smoking coalitions can take to increase insurance coverage for smoking cessation services. The paper concludes with recommendations for practitioners, researchers and policy makers.
戒烟对健康的益处已有充分记录；然而，美国大多数公共和私人医疗保险计划都将戒烟服务排除在保险范围之外。自1988年以来，众多公共卫生政策文件都呼吁医疗保险覆盖戒烟服务，尽管对于何种服务或干预措施最适合纳入医疗保险范围，人们的共识很少。本文的目的是：（1）描述目前关于戒烟服务医疗保险覆盖的公共政策；（2）审视私人健康保险公司、健康维护组织、自筹资金的雇主以及包括医疗保险和医疗补助在内的公共保险计划采用该政策的现状；（3）分析健康保险公司、医疗服务提供者和政策制定者在提供戒烟服务保险覆盖方面面临的主要障碍；（4）概述联邦政府、州政府、雇主和反吸烟联盟为增加戒烟服务保险覆盖可采取的具体政策选择。本文最后为从业者、研究人员和政策制定者提供了建议。
