Koch W M
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Med Clin North Am. 1993 May;77(3):571-82. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30240-1.
Normal swallowing is a complex, rapid neuromuscular function. Causes for dysfunctional swallowing are protean. Appropriate workup includes a careful history, thorough physical examination of the head and neck, videofluorographic swallowing study, and when appropriate, manometry and endoscopy under anesthesia. Many swallowing problems are not easily curable or reversible, but most patients experience some improvement through the intensive efforts of a multidisciplinary team. The otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon plays a key role in both evaluation of patients with dysphagia and in surgical intervention for selected cases of cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction and chronic aspiration.
正常吞咽是一种复杂、快速的神经肌肉功能。吞咽功能障碍的原因多种多样。适当的检查包括详细的病史、对头颈部进行全面的体格检查、吞咽造影检查，以及在适当情况下进行测压和麻醉下的内镜检查。许多吞咽问题不易治愈或逆转，但通过多学科团队的积极努力，大多数患者会有所改善。耳鼻喉科头颈外科医生在吞咽困难患者的评估以及对环咽肌运动功能障碍和慢性误吸的特定病例进行手术干预方面都发挥着关键作用。
