Garg R, Wagener D K, Madans J H
Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md.
Arch Intern Med. 1993 May 24;153(10):1211-6.
Most studies suggest that alcohol use decreases the risk of coronary heart disease in men, however, this association has not been well established in women.
This study investigates the relationship between alcohol use and ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence among women aged 45 to 74 years in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The cohort was free of heart disease at baseline. During the follow-up period (mean, 13 years), 884 IHD cases were identified through hospital records, reported hospital stays, or death certificates.
Women reporting any amount of alcohol use had about a 20% decrease in risk of IHD incidence compared with abstainers. Using a Cox regression model to adjust for known cardiovascular risk factors, this relative risk of IHD remained essentially unchanged. The greatest reduction in the risk of IHD (36% to 39%) was among women who consumed about half to two drinks per day compared with abstainers.
This study of a nationally representative sample with a mean follow-up of 13 years and a substantial number of IHD cases suggests that moderate alcohol use decreases the risk of IHD. However, the risk and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption need to be viewed within a broader perspective especially since the potentially harmful effects of alcohol have been well documented.
大多数研究表明，饮酒可降低男性患冠心病的风险，然而，这种关联在女性中尚未得到充分证实。
本研究在首次全国健康与营养检查调查的流行病学随访研究中，调查了45至74岁女性饮酒与缺血性心脏病（IHD）发病率之间的关系。该队列在基线时无心脏病。在随访期间（平均13年），通过医院记录、报告的住院情况或死亡证明确定了884例IHD病例。
与戒酒者相比，报告饮酒的女性患IHD的风险降低了约20%。使用Cox回归模型对已知的心血管危险因素进行调整后，IHD的这种相对风险基本保持不变。与戒酒者相比，每天饮用约半杯至两杯酒的女性患IHD的风险降低幅度最大（36%至39%）。
这项对全国代表性样本进行的研究，平均随访13年，有大量IHD病例，表明适度饮酒可降低IHD风险。然而，适度饮酒的风险和益处需要从更广泛的角度来看待，尤其是因为酒精的潜在有害影响已有充分记录。
