Ramsey N F, Van Ree J M
Department of Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute, Medical Faculty, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Brain Res. 1993 Apr 16;608(2):216-22. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91461-z.
Involvement of stress in the etiology of drug dependence has received little attention. In the present study a number of behavioural manipulations were applied and examined for an effect on intravenous cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats with no prior training in leverpress responding. Self-administration rate was measured during five consecutive daily sessions. Stress reduction by handling rats daily for two weeks prior to testing for self-administration did not affect cocaine self-administration. Acute physical stress was induced either by a hot plate or by repeated footshocks, and emotional stress was induced by forcing rats to witness another rat being subjected to repeated footshocks. These stressors were applied immediately prior to each cocaine self-administration session. Emotional but not physical stress enhanced the rate of cocaine self-administration. It is concluded that emotional distress may increase the rewarding effects of cocaine and may render an individual more susceptible to development of drug dependence.
应激在药物依赖病因学中的作用很少受到关注。在本研究中，对未经过杠杆按压反应训练的未接触过药物的大鼠进行了多种行为操作，并检测其对静脉注射可卡因自我给药的影响。在连续五个每日疗程中测量自我给药率。在进行自我给药测试前两周，每天处理大鼠以减轻应激，这并未影响可卡因的自我给药。通过热板或重复电击诱发急性身体应激，通过迫使大鼠目睹另一只大鼠遭受重复电击诱发情绪应激。这些应激源在每次可卡因自我给药疗程之前立即施加。情绪应激而非身体应激提高了可卡因自我给药的速率。得出的结论是，情绪困扰可能会增加可卡因的奖赏效应，并可能使个体更容易发展为药物依赖。
