Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, United States; Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Apr 1;185:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.021. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Stress responding is linked to drug use, but little is known about stress responses in cannabis smokers. We investigated acute stress responding in cannabis smokers as a function of trauma exposure and sex, and relationships between stress responses and cannabis relapse.
125 healthy, non-treatment-seeking daily cannabis smokers (23F, 102 M) completed the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), a standardized laboratory stressor; subsets also completed a trauma questionnaire (n = 106) and a laboratory cannabis relapse measure (n = 54). Stress responding was assessed with heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol (CORT), and self-rated mood.
Cannabis smokers reporting at least one trauma exposure had higher CORT and anxiety overall compared to those reporting no trauma. Stress responding did not differ as a function of binary trauma exposure, although total number of exposures correlated positively with CORT and anxiety during stress. Females reported increased nervousness after stress relative to males matched to the females for cannabis and cigarette use. An interactive effect of sex and trauma on HR suggested that females with trauma exposure have increased cardiovascular stress responding relative to those without such exposure, with no differential effect in males. Stress responding did not predict laboratory cannabis relapse.
We report differences in acute stress responding as a function of trauma, sex, and their interaction in a large sample of relatively homogenous cannabis smokers. Further investigation of how trauma impacts stress responding in male and female cannabis smokers, and how this relates to different aspects of cannabis use, is warranted.
应激反应与药物使用有关，但人们对大麻使用者的应激反应知之甚少。我们研究了大麻使用者的急性应激反应作为创伤暴露和性别的函数，以及应激反应与大麻复吸之间的关系。
125 名健康、无需治疗的每日大麻使用者（23 名女性，102 名男性）完成了特里尔社会应激测试（TSST），这是一种标准化的实验室应激源；部分人还完成了创伤问卷（n=106）和实验室大麻复吸测量（n=54）。应激反应通过心率（HR）、唾液皮质醇（CORT）和自我报告的情绪来评估。
报告至少一次创伤暴露的大麻使用者的 CORT 和焦虑总体上高于未报告创伤的使用者。应激反应不因二元创伤暴露而不同，尽管总暴露次数与应激期间的 CORT 和焦虑呈正相关。与匹配的女性相比，女性在应激后报告了更多的紧张，而男性则没有。性别和创伤对 HR 的交互作用表明，暴露于创伤的女性相对于没有这种暴露的女性，心血管应激反应增加，而男性则没有差异。应激反应不能预测实验室的大麻复吸。
我们报告了在一个较大的、相对同质的大麻使用者样本中，应激反应因创伤、性别及其相互作用而存在差异。进一步研究创伤如何影响男性和女性大麻使用者的应激反应，以及这与大麻使用的不同方面有何关系，是有必要的。
