从啤酒到强效可卡因：药物使用的发展模式。
From beer to crack: developmental patterns of drug involvement.
作者信息
Kandel D, Yamaguchi K
机构信息
Columbia University, New York, NY.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1993 Jun;83(6):851-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.6.851.
OBJECTIVES
Prior research has identified developmental stages in drug use in adolescence, from substances that are legal for adults to illicit drugs. The position of crack in patterns of drug involvement remains to be established.
METHODS
The analyses are based on a sample (n = 1108) representative of 12th graders attending New York State public and private schools. From reported ages of first use of five classes of drugs (alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine but not crack, crack), alternate models of progression were tested for their goodness of fit through log-linear models.
RESULTS
The sequence involves at the earliest stage the use of at least one licit drug, alcohol or cigarettes. Subsequent stages involve marijuana and cocaine; crack is the last drug in the sequence. The results confirm the more important role of alcohol among males and cigarettes among females in the progression into various drug classes. Age of first drug use at a lower stage is a strong predictor of further progression.
CONCLUSIONS
The developmental pattern of drug involvement identified in the early 1970s still characterizes adolescent pathways of drug involvement in the late 1980s.
目的
先前的研究已确定青少年药物使用的发展阶段，从对成年人合法的物质到非法药物。快克在药物使用模式中的位置仍有待确定。
方法
分析基于一个样本（n = 1108），该样本代表了纽约州公立和私立学校的十二年级学生。根据报告的首次使用五类药物（酒精饮料、香烟、大麻、可卡因但不包括快克、快克）的年龄，通过对数线性模型测试了不同的进展模型的拟合优度。
结果
该序列最早阶段涉及至少一种合法药物，即酒精或香烟。随后阶段涉及大麻和可卡因；快克是该序列中的最后一种药物。结果证实了在进展到各类药物使用过程中，酒精在男性中以及香烟在女性中发挥的更重要作用。较低阶段首次使用药物的年龄是进一步进展的有力预测指标。
结论
20世纪70年代初确定的药物使用发展模式在20世纪80年代末仍是青少年药物使用途径的特征。
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