Coles C D
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Jun;36(2):255-66. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199306000-00007.
Maternal use of alcohol during gestation is associated with FAS and less severe problems in exposed children, such as FAE and ARBD. This article reviewed the literature concerning the status of affected and exposed neonates and the available information on the developmental course of infants and children. Physical and behavioral characteristics of gestational alcohol exposure were described, and outcomes of retrospective and prospective research were reviewed. Currently, it is evident that heavy use and bingeing are associated with an increased risk to the offspring across a range of outcomes. Although the last 20 years of research in this area have provided a great deal of information, there remain unanswered questions regarding the course of the affected individual over the lifespan, the neuropsychologic status of children, and the relationship of prenatal exposure and the caregiving environment to the observed outcomes.
孕期母亲饮酒与胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FAS）以及受影响儿童中不太严重的问题有关，如酒精相关神经发育障碍（FAE）和酒精相关脑损伤（ARBD）。本文回顾了有关受影响和暴露新生儿状况的文献，以及关于婴幼儿发育过程的现有信息。描述了孕期酒精暴露的身体和行为特征，并回顾了回顾性和前瞻性研究的结果。目前，很明显，大量饮酒和暴饮与一系列结果中后代风险增加有关。尽管该领域过去20年的研究提供了大量信息，但关于受影响个体一生的历程、儿童的神经心理状况，以及产前暴露和养育环境与观察到的结果之间的关系，仍存在未解答的问题。
