Tough Suzanne, Tofflemire Karen, Clarke Margaret, Newburn-Cook Christine
Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Clin Med Res. 2006 Jun;4(2):97-105. doi: 10.3121/cmr.4.2.97.
Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of preventable mental retardation and developmental disabilities, including fetal alcohol syndrome. Current medical guidelines recommend that no alcohol should be consumed over the period of conception and throughout pregnancy. Although the majority of women reduce alcohol consumption when they realize they are pregnant, this recognition may not occur until well into the first trimester, potentially impacting embryonic development.
To describe and assess changes in patterns of women's alcohol use between the preconception, pre-pregnancy recognition and post-pregnancy recognition time periods. Secondly, to describe characteristics of women consuming any alcohol and those binge drinking during pre- and post-pregnancy recognition periods.
Computer assisted telephone interviews were conducted with 1042 women who had recently delivered a baby in urban Alberta, Canada. Differences in consumption patterns between time periods were analyzed using analysis of variance and Chi-square tests. Characteristics of those drinking both before and after pregnancy recognition were analyzed using logistic regression.
Eighty percent of women reported alcohol consumption pre-conceptually, 50% pre-pregnancy recognition and 18% post-pregnancy recognition. Binge drinking was reported by 32%, 11% and 0% for preconception, pre-pregnancy recognition and post-pregnancy recognition periods, respectively. Alcohol consumption patterns (i.e., the mean number of drinks per drinking day and week) did not differ significantly between preconception and pre-pregnancy recognition periods but did significantly drop after pregnancy recognition (p<0.001). Alcohol use during the period of pre-pregnancy recognition was higher among those not planning a pregnancy, not using assisted reproductive technology, of higher income, without a history of miscarriage, who were Caucasian, and who used tobacco. Binge drinking was higher among women not planning a pregnancy, those who used tobacco, and those with low self-esteem. Women continuing to drink small amounts of alcohol after pregnancy recognition were more likely to be between the ages of 30-39 years, be Caucasian and use tobacco.
Preconception and "well-women" counseling strategies would be improved by increasing the emphasis on the risks of alcohol use during periods when pregnancy can occur.
孕期酒精暴露是可预防的智力迟钝和发育障碍的主要原因，包括胎儿酒精综合征。当前医学指南建议在受孕期间及整个孕期都不应饮酒。尽管大多数女性在意识到自己怀孕后会减少酒精摄入，但这种认知可能直到孕早期晚期才会出现，这可能会影响胚胎发育。
描述和评估女性在受孕前、怀孕前认知和怀孕后认知时间段内饮酒模式的变化。其次，描述在怀孕前和怀孕后认知期内饮酒的女性以及暴饮的女性的特征。
对在加拿大艾伯塔省城市最近分娩的1042名女性进行了计算机辅助电话访谈。使用方差分析和卡方检验分析不同时间段饮酒模式的差异。使用逻辑回归分析怀孕前后都饮酒的女性的特征。
80%的女性报告在受孕前饮酒，50%在怀孕前认知期饮酒，18%在怀孕后认知期饮酒。受孕前、怀孕前认知期和怀孕后认知期报告暴饮的比例分别为32%、11%和0%。受孕前和怀孕前认知期的饮酒模式（即每天和每周饮酒的平均杯数）没有显著差异，但在怀孕后认知期显著下降（p<0.001）。在未计划怀孕、未使用辅助生殖技术、收入较高、无流产史、为白种人且吸烟的女性中，怀孕前认知期的饮酒量较高。未计划怀孕的女性、吸烟的女性和自尊心较低的女性暴饮的比例较高。怀孕后认知期仍继续少量饮酒的女性更可能年龄在30 - 39岁之间、为白种人且吸烟。
通过更多地强调怀孕可能发生期间饮酒的风险，可改进受孕前和“健康女性”咨询策略。
