Heilman R D
Pharmaco LSR, Inc. Austin, Texas 78704, USA.
Qual Assur. 1995 Mar;4(1):75-9.
History shows that regulation of the pharmaceutical industry came about as a result of unfortunate incidences in which self-control by the industry was insufficient. All facets of drug manufacturing and preclinical laboratory research and development are regulated by GMPs and GLPs. Only part of the GCPs, as proposed, have become regulations. The pharmaceutical industry has an attrition rate of NCEs, from discovery to product, of 10,000 : 2. Research and development to market a product consumes 12 years (approximately 71% of patent life) and costs more than +250 million. The industry will be well served to closely monitor itself through conformance to GCP guidelines and regulations to avoid further government regulation.
历史表明,制药行业的监管是由于行业自律不足而发生的不幸事件所导致的。药品生产以及临床前实验室研发的各个方面都受到药品生产质量管理规范(GMPs)和良好实验室规范(GLPs)的监管。就所提议的而言,只有部分药品临床试验规范(GCPs)成为了法规。从发现新化学实体(NCEs)到产品上市,制药行业的淘汰率为10000:2。将一种产品研发并推向市场需要耗费12年时间(约占专利寿命的71%),成本超过2.5亿美元。通过遵守GCP指南和法规来密切进行自我监督,将对该行业大有裨益,从而避免政府进一步的监管。