Tinanoff N
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 1995 Oct;39(4):709-19.
Although dental caries in preschool children has declined in the past 20 years, the decrease is not observed equally across all populations. Considerable benefit could be achieved if the children at high risk could be identified before lesions develop. The best predictors of dental caries in preschool children are previous caries history, especially nursing bottle caries, and the salivary mutans streptococci levels. Other caries risk factors include inadequate oral hygiene practices, deficient fluoride exposure, low socioeconomic status, and familial caries patterns. Children at high caries risk should be considered for more intensive home fluoride programs, such as brushing the child's teeth with a pea-size amount of either 0.4% SnF2 or 1.1% NaF gels. Frequent professional fluoride treatments can be substituted if there is poor compliance with home programs. There is little documentation that dietary modification and plaque control and sealant programs are cost-effective measures for preventing caries in preschool children.
尽管在过去20年里学龄前儿童的龋齿患病率有所下降，但并非所有人群的下降情况都相同。如果能在龋齿病变出现之前识别出高危儿童，就可以取得相当大的益处。学龄前儿童龋齿的最佳预测指标是既往龋齿史，尤其是奶瓶龋，以及唾液变形链球菌水平。其他龋齿危险因素包括口腔卫生习惯不良、氟暴露不足、社会经济地位低和家族龋齿模式。对于龋齿高危儿童，应考虑实施更强化的家庭用氟方案，例如用豌豆大小的0.4%氟化亚锡或1.1%氟化钠凝胶为儿童刷牙。如果家庭方案的依从性差，可以用频繁的专业用氟治疗替代。几乎没有文献证明饮食调整、菌斑控制和窝沟封闭方案是预防学龄前儿童龋齿的具有成本效益的措施。
