Peterson J L, Markham P N
Department of Criminal Justice, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 1995 Nov;40(6):994-1008.
The proficiency testing of crime laboratories began in the mid-1970s and presently assumes an important role in quality assurance programs within most forensic laboratories. This article reviews the origins and early results of this testing program and also examines the progress of proficiency testing in allied scientific fields. Beginning in 1978, a fee-based crime laboratory proficiency testing program was launched and has grown to its present level involving almost 400 laboratories worldwide. This is the first of two articles that review the objectives, limitations and results of this testing from 1978 through 1991. Part I reviews the success of laboratories in the identification and classification of common evidence types: controlled substances, flammables, explosives, fibers, bloodstains, and hairs. Laboratories enjoy a high degree of success in identifying drugs and classifying (typing) bloodstains. They are moderately successful in identifying flammables, explosives, and fibers. Animal hair identification and human hair body location results are troublesome. The second paper will review the proficiency of crime laboratories in determining if two or more evidentiary samples shared a common origin.
犯罪实验室的能力验证始于20世纪70年代中期，目前在大多数法医实验室的质量保证计划中发挥着重要作用。本文回顾了该验证计划的起源和早期结果，并考察了相关科学领域能力验证的进展。从1978年开始，一项基于收费的犯罪实验室能力验证计划启动，并发展到目前的规模，全球有近400个实验室参与其中。这是回顾1978年至1991年该验证的目标、局限性和结果的两篇文章中的第一篇。第一部分回顾了实验室在常见证据类型鉴定和分类方面的成功情况：管制药品、易燃物、爆炸物、纤维、血迹和毛发。实验室在鉴定毒品和对血迹进行分类（分型）方面取得了很高的成功率。他们在鉴定易燃物、爆炸物和纤维方面取得了一定的成功。动物毛发鉴定和人体毛发部位鉴定的结果令人困扰。第二篇文章将回顾犯罪实验室在确定两个或多个证据样本是否有共同来源方面的能力验证情况。
