Hort W, Hort H, Willers R
Institut für Pathologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf.
Z Kardiol. 1995 Sep;84(9):700-11.
Between 1992 and 1994, an interventional program was held in the secondary schools ("Hauptschulen") in Düsseldorf contra cigarette smoking. The program was conducted in the following way. Half of the schools (intervention schools) were involved in this program which consisted of 15 sessions. The other schools served as control groups. During the first year of this program school-teachers and a physician taught students about the function and the abilities of the healthy heart and lung. The students developed adversions to smoking. In addition, the students learned by role-plays how to say no to a cigarette without embarrassment. These role-plays were videotaped. During the second year of this program the role-plays were repeated and teaching about the heart and the lungs was augmented. Also, every student got the opportunity to meet and talk with a famous athlete. Furthermore, smoking-cessation programs were hold in four intervention schools. The program started in the sixth grade with a questionnaire administered to 878 schoolchildren. During this time the average age of the children was 13 years. Because of a large fluctuation, the questioning could be repeated with only 630 of these children (71.8%) after 2 years. At the end of the study the number of smokers had increased two times greater in the control schools than in the intervention schools (boys: 20.5% points vs 9.4% points; girls: 44.3% points vs 21.0% points). Obviously, the continuation of the program during the second year was important in making the program successful. Among the participants of the intervention program there was a trend to stop smoking. But the program was not able to prevent non-smokers from starting the habit. On the other hand, of the children who started smoking during the program, more girls in the intervention schools quit smoking than in the control schools. At the end of the program more girls than boys (mean age 15 years) smoked. Almost one-fourth of the boys, and from the control schools one-third of the girls were already daily smokers. The smokers obtained cigarettes from kiosks, from friends, vending machines, vendors or shops, but seldom from their homes.
1992年至1994年间，在杜塞尔多夫的中学（“Hauptschulen”）开展了一项反对吸烟的干预项目。该项目以如下方式进行。一半的学校（干预学校）参与了这个由15节课程组成的项目。其他学校作为对照组。在该项目的第一年，学校教师和一名医生向学生讲授健康心脏和肺部的功能及能力。学生们对吸烟产生反感。此外，学生们通过角色扮演学习如何毫不尴尬地拒绝香烟。这些角色扮演被录制成视频。在该项目的第二年，重复进行角色扮演，并增加了关于心脏和肺部的教学内容。而且，每个学生都有机会与一位著名运动员见面并交谈。此外，在四所干预学校举办了戒烟项目。该项目从六年级开始，对878名学童进行问卷调查。在此期间，孩子们的平均年龄为13岁。由于人员波动较大，两年后只能对其中630名儿童（71.8%）再次进行询问。在研究结束时，对照学校吸烟人数的增加幅度是干预学校的两倍（男孩：20.5个百分点对9.4个百分点；女孩：44.3个百分点对21.0个百分点）。显然，该项目在第二年的持续开展对项目的成功至关重要。在干预项目的参与者中存在戒烟的趋势。但该项目未能阻止非吸烟者养成吸烟习惯。另一方面，在项目期间开始吸烟的儿童中，干预学校中戒烟的女孩比对照学校的多。在项目结束时，吸烟的女孩比男孩多（平均年龄15岁）。几乎四分之一的男孩以及对照学校三分之一的女孩已经是每日吸烟者。吸烟者从报亭、朋友、自动售货机、小贩或商店获取香烟，但很少从家里获取。
