Hofer J, Kruse A, Pöhlmann K, Schmitt E
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Greifswald.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 1995 Sep-Oct;28(5):358-68.
In a study on chances and limits of independent life in old age, we collected data about sensations of pain in 990 participants. Information about intensity and frequency of pain sensations was combined to differentiate empirically between five patterns of pain sensations. According to severity, these patterns can be ordered hierarchically. 873 persons could be grouped into the five patterns of pain sensations. There was no relationship between chronological age and patterns of pain sensations. The relationship between patterns of pain sensations and degree of independence in everyday life was only weak. Comparing the five patterns of pain sensations in seven psychological variables, we found only few statistically significant differences, mainly between people who had no pain and those who suffered from strong or very strong pain most of the time or permanently. In KLC-measures of external and internal control beliefs related to health and body, in PGC-dimensions attitude towards age, lonely dissatisfaction and agitation as well as in PGC-score for life satisfaction, we found only few and weak differences between patterns of pain sensations. Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the independent variables degree of independence in everyday life, pattern of pain sensations and chronological age could explain 1.4% to 6.7% of variance in those psychological variables. In contrast, patterns of pain sensations greatly differed in NAF-measures of subjective aging. A stepwise multiple regression with the independent variables degree of independence in everyday life and pattern of pain sensations could explain 24.6% of variance. Degree of independence in everyday life alone could explain 17.9% of variance. We hypothesize that effects in most psychological variables are weak, because what people mean by a "good" or personally satisfying life is only partly influenced by their health status.
在一项关于老年人独立生活的机遇与限制的研究中，我们收集了990名参与者的疼痛感受数据。关于疼痛感受的强度和频率的信息被综合起来，以便从经验上区分五种疼痛感受模式。根据严重程度，这些模式可以进行层次排序。873人可以被归入这五种疼痛感受模式。实际年龄与疼痛感受模式之间没有关系。疼痛感受模式与日常生活中的独立程度之间的关系很微弱。在七个心理变量中比较这五种疼痛感受模式时，我们只发现了少数具有统计学意义的差异，主要存在于那些没有疼痛的人和那些大部分时间或一直遭受强烈或非常强烈疼痛的人之间。在与健康和身体相关的外部和内部控制信念的KLC测量中，在PGC维度的年龄态度、孤独不满和焦虑方面，以及在生活满意度的PGC得分中，我们只发现了疼痛感受模式之间的少数微弱差异。以日常生活中的独立程度、疼痛感受模式和实际年龄作为自变量进行逐步多元回归分析，可以解释这些心理变量中1.4%至6.7%的方差。相比之下，在主观衰老的NAF测量中，疼痛感受模式有很大差异。以日常生活中的独立程度和疼痛感受模式作为自变量进行逐步多元回归，可以解释24.6%的方差。仅日常生活中的独立程度就可以解释17.9%的方差。我们假设，在大多数心理变量中的影响很微弱，因为人们所说的“美好”或个人满意的生活，只有一部分受到他们健康状况的影响。
