Smith L J
Nurse Pract. 1995 Oct;20(10):58-60, 62, 65-66.
Allergic rhinitis is frequently seen by primary care providers. Symptoms include rhinorrhea, itching of nose and eyes, nasal congestion, and sneezing. They occur when the patient is exposed to antigens stimulating mediator release. History is essential to assist differential diagnosis and provide education. This article reviews common findings of the physical exam, diagnostic testing, and differential diagnosis. The first line of treatment is avoidance, followed by medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal steroids. If these treatments are not effective, then referral to an allergist is necessary for further workup and possible treatment with immunotherapy.
基层医疗服务提供者经常会遇到变应性鼻炎患者。症状包括鼻溢、鼻和眼瘙痒、鼻塞及打喷嚏。当患者接触刺激介质释放的抗原时，这些症状就会出现。病史对于辅助鉴别诊断及开展教育至关重要。本文综述了体格检查、诊断性检测及鉴别诊断的常见结果。一线治疗方法是避免接触过敏原，随后使用抗组胺药、减充血剂和鼻用类固醇等药物。如果这些治疗无效，那么就有必要转诊给过敏症专科医生进行进一步检查，并可能采用免疫疗法进行治疗。
