Graft D F
Allergy Department, Park Nicollet Clinic, Minneapolis, USA.
Postgrad Med. 1996 Aug;100(2):64-9, 73-4. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1996.08.50.
Rhinitis is a common complaint, especially during the allergy season. Physicians can often identify the probable allergen or irritant with history taking, and skin tests may be helpful in confirming the clinical impression. Often, environmental control measures can provide significant relief. Successful drug treatment hinges on selection of the proper class of medication for a given patient's type and severity of symptoms. Antihistamines remain a mainstay for reducing sneezing, itching, and nasal discharge. New oral agents are nonsedating, and an eyedrop form is available for bothersome eye symptoms. Decongestants reduce nasal blockage and are often especially beneficial when used in combination with antihistamines, In moderate to severe rhinitis, intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment.
鼻炎是一种常见病症，在过敏季节尤为常见。医生通常通过问诊就能确定可能的过敏原或刺激物，皮肤测试有助于确认临床诊断。通常，环境控制措施能带来显著缓解。成功的药物治疗取决于为特定患者的症状类型和严重程度选择合适的药物类别。抗组胺药仍然是减轻打喷嚏、瘙痒和鼻分泌物的主要药物。新型口服制剂无镇静作用，还有眼药水剂型可用于治疗恼人的眼部症状。减充血剂可减轻鼻塞，与抗组胺药联合使用时通常特别有效。对于中重度鼻炎，鼻内用皮质类固醇是最有效的治疗方法。
