Brennan M, Antonyshyn O
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Jan;97(1):13-24. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199601000-00002.
Craniofacial reconstructive procedures are frequently associated with some dissection or transposition of the temporalis muscle. During active growth, such muscle manipulations may influence craniofacial development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of surgical manipulation of the temporalis muscle on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology. Twenty-five New Zealand White rabbits underwent temporalis muscle surgery at 6 weeks of age. Group I (n = 6) underwent a sham procedure and served as a control group. Group II (n = 6) underwent simple elevation of the left temporalis muscle and immediate reapproximation. Group III (n = 7) underwent complete transection of the left temporalis muscle. Group IV (n = 6) underwent elevation of the left temporalis muscle and transposition to the left zygoma. Growth alterations were evaluated by standardized cephalometric x-rays. Baseline anteroposterior skull x-rays were performed preoperatively and every 3 weeks for the duration of the study. The study was terminated at 24 weeks of age. At this point, dry skull preparations were analyzed quantitatively by direct cephalometric evaluation. Manipulations of the temporalis muscle produce changes in local skull morphology and affect craniofacial growth. Skull length increases when the action of the temporalis muscle is interrupted either transiently or permanently, while skull width decreases. Temporalis muscle transposition to the orbit resulted in altered orbital dimensions. Qualitative analysis of local skull morphology further revealed posterior displacement of the external auditory meatus, a depressed temporalis fossa, and multiple resorption cavities following elevation of the temporalis muscle.
颅面重建手术常常伴随着颞肌的一些解剖或移位操作。在生长活跃期，这种肌肉操作可能会影响颅面发育。本研究的目的是确定颞肌手术操作对颅面骨骼生长和形态的影响。25只新西兰白兔在6周龄时接受了颞肌手术。第一组（n = 6）接受假手术，作为对照组。第二组（n = 6）接受左侧颞肌简单提升并立即重新对合。第三组（n = 7）接受左侧颞肌完全横断。第四组（n = 6）接受左侧颞肌提升并移位至左侧颧骨。通过标准化的头颅侧位X线片评估生长变化。术前及研究期间每3周进行一次基线前后位颅骨X线片检查。研究在24周龄时终止。此时，通过直接头颅测量评估对干燥颅骨标本进行定量分析。颞肌的操作会引起局部颅骨形态的改变并影响颅面生长。当颞肌的作用被暂时或永久中断时，颅骨长度增加，而颅骨宽度减小。颞肌移位至眼眶导致眼眶尺寸改变。对局部颅骨形态的定性分析进一步显示，颞肌提升后外耳道后移、颞窝凹陷以及多个吸收腔。
