Ayala F J
University of California, Irvine, USA.
Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1930-6. doi: 10.1126/science.270.5244.1930.
It has been proposed that modern humans descended from a single woman, the "mitochondrial Eve" who lived in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. The human immune system DRB1 genes are extremely polymorphic, with gene lineages that coalesce into an ancestor who lived around 60 million years ago, a time before the divergence of the apes from the Old World monkeys. The theory of gene coalescence suggests that, throughout the last 60 million years, human ancestral populations had an effective size of 100,000 individuals or greater. Molecular evolution data favor the African origin of modern humans, but the weight of the evidence is against a population bottleneck before their emergence. The mitochondrial Eve hypothesis emanates from a confusion between gene genealogies and individual genealogies.
有人提出，现代人类起源于一位单一的女性，即“线粒体夏娃”，她生活在10万至20万年前的非洲。人类免疫系统的DRB1基因具有极高的多态性，其基因谱系汇聚成一位生活在约6000万年前的祖先，这一时期早于猿类与旧世界猴分化的时间。基因汇聚理论表明，在过去的6000万年里，人类祖先群体的有效规模为10万或更多个体。分子进化数据支持现代人类起源于非洲，但证据的权重表明在现代人类出现之前不存在种群瓶颈。线粒体夏娃假说源于基因谱系和个体谱系之间的混淆。
