Knight J A
College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-1114, USA.
Theor Med. 1995 Sep;16(3):265-80; discussion 281-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00998145.
Although students bring to medical school a fairly well established value system, the potential for moral growth through the medical school environment and experience is substantial. The educational environment poses a succession of developmental and adaptive tasks to be accomplished. Several of these tasks are discussed her, tasks that are value-laden and involve, directly or indirectly, the interplay of ethical theory and practice. During the past quarter century, the two influences that have had the greatest impact on the moral growth and moral reasoning capacity of medical students have been the incorporation into the medical school curriculum of courses in medical humanities and the admission to medical school of an increasing number of female students. The female students have brought to medical school a level or dimension of moral reasoning (morality as care or responsibility for others) to augment the male students' focus on rights and justice considerations.
尽管学生进入医学院时已拥有一套相当成熟的价值体系，但通过医学院的环境和经历实现道德成长的潜力巨大。教育环境提出了一系列有待完成的发展和适应任务。这里讨论其中的几项任务，这些任务充满价值考量，直接或间接地涉及伦理理论与实践的相互作用。在过去的四分之一世纪里，对医学生道德成长和道德推理能力影响最大的两种因素，一是医学院课程中纳入了医学人文学科课程，二是医学院录取的女生数量不断增加。女生给医学院带来了一种道德推理水平或维度（道德即对他人的关怀或责任），以补充男生对权利和正义考量的关注。
