DeRuiter M C, Gittenberger-De Groot A C, Wenink A C, Poelmann R E, Mentink M M
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Anat Rec. 1995 Sep;243(1):84-92. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092430110.
Classic theories describe that the common pulmonary vein develops as an outgrowth from either the sinus venosus or atrial segment. Recent studies show that the pulmonary veins are connected to the sinu-atrial region before its differentiation into a sinus venosus and atrial segment.
The development of the sinu-atrial region with regard to the developing common pulmonary vein and the growth of the atrial septum was investigated in avian embryos, using both scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Embryos ranging between stage HH12 and HH28 were incubated with QH-1 that recognizes quail endothelial cells and precursors, HNK-1, that appears in this study to detect the myocardium of the sinus venosus, or with HHF-35, being specific for muscle actins. Also vascular casts of the heart were produced by injecting prepolymerized Mercox into the vascular system.
In preseptation stages the common pulmonary vein drains into the left part of the sinus venosus, that is clearly demarcated by the sinu-atrial fold and HNK-1 expression. During atrial septation the left part of the sinus venosus, in contrast to the right part, loses its HNK-1 antigen from stage HH23 onwards, while at the same time the sinu-atrial fold in the left atrial dorsal wall flattens and disappears. From stage HH25 onwards HNK-1 expression is restricted to the right part of the sinus venosus, which contributes to the right atrium. The myocardial atrial septum never expresses the HNK-1 antigen, suggesting that the septum is of atrial origin.
It appeared that the sinus venosus does not only contribute to the sinus venarum of the right atrium, but also to the left atrium.
经典理论认为，共同肺静脉由静脉窦或心房段长出。近期研究表明，肺静脉在分化为静脉窦和心房段之前就与窦房区域相连。
利用扫描电子显微镜和免疫组织化学技术，对鸡胚中与发育中的共同肺静脉相关的窦房区域的发育以及房间隔的生长进行了研究。将处于HH12至HH28阶段的胚胎与识别鹌鹑内皮细胞和前体细胞的QH-1、本研究中用于检测静脉窦心肌的HNK-1或特异性针对肌动蛋白的HHF-35一起孵育。还通过将预聚合的Mercox注入血管系统制作了心脏的血管铸型。
在房间隔形成前的阶段，共同肺静脉汇入静脉窦的左侧部分，该部分由窦房褶和HNK-1表达清晰界定。在房间隔形成过程中，与右侧部分相反，静脉窦的左侧部分从HH23阶段开始失去其HNK-1抗原，与此同时，左心房后壁的窦房褶变平并消失。从HH25阶段开始，HNK-1表达局限于静脉窦的右侧部分，该部分形成右心房。心肌性房间隔从不表达HNK-1抗原，提示该隔起源于心房。
结果显示，静脉窦不仅对右心房的静脉窦有贡献，对左心房也有贡献。
