Frisse M E, Tolva J N
School of Medicine Library, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Acad Med. 1996 Jan;71(1):45-53. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199601000-00017.
Copyright law concerns the rights of an individual to make copies of published works. Changes in technology, be they the introduction of the printing press or the proliferation of photocopy machines, affect how these "copy rights" are interpreted. The transmission of published works over digital networks and the introduction of new and relatively inexpensive ways to conduct commerce over the same networks will have a profound effect on how medical school faculty protect their own published works and how they make use of the published works of others. When copyright law moves from tangible objects such as books and journals to intangible bits carried over a network, many historic notions about the nature of publications and libraries will be called into question. The authors review the history of copyright law and some basic concepts of copyright, particularly "first sale" and "fair use." They also discuss the effects past technological changes have had on the law and on the often-competing concerns of authors, publishers, and readers/users. Finally, they discuss the implications for medical schools of digital publications, digital libraries, and the proposed changes to copyright law.
版权法涉及个人复制已出版作品的权利。技术变革，无论是印刷机的引入还是复印机的普及，都会影响这些“版权”的解释方式。已出版作品在数字网络上的传播以及通过同一网络开展新的且相对廉价的商业方式，将对医学院教师如何保护自己已出版的作品以及他们如何利用他人已出版的作品产生深远影响。当版权法从书籍和期刊等有形物体转向通过网络传输的无形比特时，许多关于出版物和图书馆性质的历史观念将受到质疑。作者回顾了版权法的历史以及一些版权的基本概念，特别是“首次销售”和“合理使用”。他们还讨论了过去的技术变革对法律以及作者、出版商和读者/用户经常相互竞争的关注点所产生的影响。最后，他们讨论了数字出版物、数字图书馆以及拟议的版权法变更对医学院的影响。
