Huncharek M, Muscat J
Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Sep;4(6):681-7.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in united States males. Unfortunately, numerous controversies surround clinical management for early stage disease and the utility of population screening. Much of this controversy stems from the lack of knowledge about the biology of prostate cancer, including the lack of clearly defined risk factors, absence of markers indicative of aggressive clinical behavior, as well as a lack of a clear understanding of its underlying genetic features. This paper reviews currently available evidence regarding the genetic characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, including the impact of family history of disease risk, the nature of structural genetic aberrations, and the possible role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in its pathogenesis. A clearer understanding of these issues will hopefully lead to more effective and rational treatment policies in addition to the development of effective disease prevention strategies.
前列腺癌是美国男性中最常被诊断出的恶性肿瘤。不幸的是，围绕早期疾病的临床管理和人群筛查的效用存在诸多争议。这种争议很大程度上源于对前列腺癌生物学知识的缺乏，包括缺乏明确界定的风险因素、缺乏指示侵袭性临床行为的标志物，以及对其潜在遗传特征缺乏清晰的理解。本文综述了目前关于前列腺腺癌遗传特征的现有证据，包括家族病史对疾病风险的影响、结构遗传畸变的性质，以及癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因在其发病机制中的可能作用。除了制定有效的疾病预防策略外，对这些问题更清晰的理解有望带来更有效和合理的治疗政策。
