Arnez Z M, Valdatta L, Tyler M P, Planinsek F
University Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Br J Plast Surg. 1995 Dec;48(8):540-5. doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(95)90041-1.
The anatomy of 61 internal mammary veins (IMV) in the 3rd, 4th and 5th intercostal spaces was studied in 34 fresh human cadavers by injection and corrosion methods and surgical dissection. The IMV was present in all 34 cadavers. Four different patterns of venous anatomy were identified: Types 1 (69%) and 2 (26%) were common, Types 3 (3%) and 4(2%) were rare. The most common arrangement (Type 1) consists of the internal mammary vein running medial and parallel to the artery to the 4th intercostal space where it divides into the medial and the lateral IMV, the lateral crossing the internal mammary artery (IMA) anterior to it in direction from medial to lateral. Both veins are connected by interconnecting branches. The mean diameter of internal mammary veins is 2.7 mm (range 1.1-4.8 mm) for the medial and 1.8 mm (range 0.5-3.5 mm) for the lateral one. The mean distance from the lateral bordoffof the sternum of the medial vein is 9 mm (range 2-18 mm) and 14 mm (range 9-24 mm) for the lateral vepfpff. We present a review of 7 patients in whom internal mammary vessels were used as recipient vessels for breast reconstruction with free TRAM flaps with no complications, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such a procedure.
通过注射、腐蚀方法及手术解剖，对34具新鲜人体尸体第3、4和5肋间的61条胸廓内静脉（IMV）的解剖结构进行了研究。所有34具尸体均存在IMV。识别出四种不同的静脉解剖模式：1型（69%）和2型（26%）常见，3型（3%）和4型（2%）罕见。最常见的排列方式（1型）是胸廓内静脉在内侧走行并与动脉平行至第4肋间间隙，在该处分为内侧胸廓内静脉和外侧胸廓内静脉，外侧胸廓内静脉从内侧向外侧方向在胸廓内动脉（IMA）前方交叉。两条静脉通过相互连接的分支相连。内侧胸廓内静脉的平均直径为2.7毫米（范围1.1 - 4.8毫米），外侧的为1.8毫米（范围0.5 - 3.5毫米）。内侧静脉距胸骨外侧缘的平均距离为9毫米（范围2 - 18毫米），外侧静脉为14毫米（范围9 - 24毫米）。我们回顾了7例使用胸廓内血管作为游离横腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房重建受区血管且无并发症的患者，以及该手术的优缺点。
