Exalto N
Spaarne Ziekenhuis Haarlem, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Netherlands.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Jul;61(1):3-6. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(95)02146-j.
The Human yolk sac has long been considered a vestigial organ, an evolutionary remnant. In the last decade, however, it has been discovered that the human yolk sac plays an active and crucial role during organogenesis. Due to an absent maternal intervillous circulation during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the concept of transport of nutrients and oxygen to the embryo must be thoroughly reconsidered. Here the yolk sac plays an essential role by its active and passive transport to the embryo, and by its production of necessary substances. Animal experiments have demonstrated that hyperglycaemia has an initial deleterious effect on yolk sac structure, which then results in embryopathy. Study of the yolk sac by means of ultrasound has not become an important diagnostic method yet. On the basis of clinical studies and animal experiments, however, it may be expected that this organ plays a crucial role in the development of spontaneous abortion and structural congenital defects.
长期以来，人类卵黄囊一直被视为一个退化器官，即进化的残余物。然而，在过去十年中，人们发现人类卵黄囊在器官发生过程中发挥着积极且关键的作用。由于怀孕前12周母体绒毛间隙循环缺失，必须彻底重新审视营养物质和氧气向胚胎转运的概念。在此过程中，卵黄囊通过向胚胎进行主动和被动转运以及产生必需物质发挥着重要作用。动物实验表明，高血糖对卵黄囊结构有初始有害影响，进而导致胚胎病。通过超声对卵黄囊进行研究尚未成为一种重要的诊断方法。然而，基于临床研究和动物实验，可以预期该器官在自然流产和先天性结构缺陷的发生发展中起关键作用。
