Weisenberger J M, Percy M E
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
Ear Hear. 1995 Aug;16(4):392-406. doi: 10.1097/00003446-199508000-00006.
Current research on the effectiveness of tactile aids for speech perception by hearing-impaired persons suggests that substantial training, lasting over months or years, is necessary for users to achieve maximal benefits from a tactile device. A number of studies have demonstrated the usefulness of training programs that include an analytic component, such as phoneme training, together with more synthetic tasks such as sentence identification and speech tracking. However, particularly in programs for children, it is desirable to structure training experiences so that easy distinctions are trained first, and more difficult distinctions are approached only later in training. In the present study, a systematic evaluation of phoneme-level information provided by the Tactaid VII, a multichannel tactile aid, was performed. Adult subjects were tested in minimal pairs and closed set phoneme discrimination and identification tasks under tactile aid alone, speechreading alone, and speechreading plus tactile aid conditions, to provide an inventory of stimulus identifiability and permit ranking of discriminations as easy or more difficult. Because these rankings might differ as a function of coarticulation effects, three different vowel contexts were tested for consonant stimuli. Results indicated that there were indeed considerable differences across vowel contexts, and that the /ae/ vowel context yielded the most identifiable stimuli. These data could be used by teachers and therapists to construct viable stimulus sets for training programs for tactile aid users.
目前关于触觉辅助工具对听力受损者言语感知有效性的研究表明，用户需要经过持续数月或数年的大量训练，才能从触觉设备中获得最大益处。多项研究已证明，包含分析性成分（如音素训练）以及更多综合性任务（如句子识别和言语跟踪）的训练计划是有用的。然而，特别是在针对儿童的训练计划中，理想的做法是构建训练体验，以便先训练容易区分的内容，而在训练后期才涉及更难区分的内容。在本研究中，对多通道触觉辅助工具Tactaid VII提供的音素级信息进行了系统评估。成年受试者在仅使用触觉辅助工具、仅唇读以及唇读加触觉辅助工具这三种条件下，接受最小对立体和闭集音素辨别与识别任务测试，以提供刺激可识别性清单，并对辨别难度进行简单或更难的排序。由于这些排序可能因协同发音效应而有所不同，因此针对辅音刺激测试了三种不同的元音语境。结果表明，不同元音语境之间确实存在显著差异，并且/ae/元音语境产生的刺激最易于识别。教师和治疗师可以利用这些数据为触觉辅助工具用户的训练计划构建可行的刺激集。
