Kent B, Owens R G
Health Studies Research Division, University College of North Wales, Bangor, U.K.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1995 Oct;32(5):484-92. doi: 10.1016/0020-7489(95)00009-m.
The demand for transplantable organs and tissues is steadily increasing and action is necessary to improve the organ and tissue donation rates. Previous research has suggested that nurses have a substantial influence on the rates of donation in the clinical area. Nurses (N = 150) were asked to complete a number of measures to assess positive and negative attitudes towards cadaveric organ donation, with 112 (74.6%) responding. The findings identified conflicting attitudes particularly in relation to corneal donation; 25% of the respondents would not donate their corneas. Reasons given included fear of disfigurement, religious factors such as the need to see into the next life, and dislike of the thought of donation of eyes but without knowing why. The majority of the respondents were in favour of donation generally and many carried or had signed donor cards. Nurses are usually the professionals who have the most contact with the patient in the clinical and are therefore able to identify potential donors. It seems likely that nurses with conflicting attitudes to donation are less likely to undertake the emotional costs involved when relatives of potential donors are approached re donation, than those who have more positive attitudes.
对可移植器官和组织的需求在稳步增长，因此有必要采取行动提高器官和组织的捐赠率。先前的研究表明，护士对临床领域的捐赠率有重大影响。研究要求150名护士完成多项测评，以评估其对尸体器官捐赠的积极和消极态度，其中112人（74.6%）做出了回应。研究结果发现，尤其是在角膜捐赠方面存在相互矛盾的态度；25%的受访者不会捐赠自己的角膜。给出的理由包括害怕毁容、宗教因素，如有必要在来世能看见，以及不喜欢捐赠眼睛的想法但又不知原因。大多数受访者总体上支持捐赠，许多人携带或已签署捐赠卡。护士通常是临床中与患者接触最多的专业人员，因此能够识别潜在的捐赠者。与态度更积极的护士相比，对捐赠态度矛盾的护士在与潜在捐赠者的亲属谈及捐赠事宜时，似乎不太愿意承担其中涉及的情感成本。
