[肝炎病毒的筛查及其效果]

[The screening of hepatitis virus and its efficacy].

Kuroki T, Murai J, Fujino K, Ozaki S, Nakagishi M, Toukaiya M

Blood Center of Osaka City Medical School.

Rinsho Byori. 1995 Nov;43(11):1095-100.

Abstract

Infection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) was prevented with hepatitis A vaccine. High risk groups of HAV infection should be inoculated this vaccine because Japanese peoples less than 40 years old didn't have immunity for HAV. 2. Infection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was scarcely observed in Japan. 3. Infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by blood transfusion was eradicated after the screening with anti-HBc antibody for blood donors. And maternal transmissions of HBV and infections of HBV in hospital were protected by HB-globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. 4. Infection of hepatitis D virus (HDV) was protected by HB-globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. 5. Infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by blood transfusion markedly decreased after the screening with anti-HCV for blood donors. We can't prevent a maternal transmission of HCV but its frequency is low (about 10%). And acute hepatitis C due to an infection of HCV in hospital can be prevented by the treatment with interferon in the Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance.

摘要

甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染可通过甲型肝炎疫苗预防。甲型肝炎病毒感染的高危人群应接种该疫苗，因为40岁以下的日本人对甲型肝炎病毒没有免疫力。2. 在日本，戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染很少见。3. 对献血者进行抗-HBc抗体筛查后，通过输血感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的情况已被根除。乙肝球蛋白和乙型肝炎疫苗可预防HBV的母婴传播以及医院内的HBV感染。4. 乙肝球蛋白和乙型肝炎疫苗可预防丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）感染。5. 对献血者进行抗-HCV筛查后，通过输血感染丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的情况明显减少。我们无法预防HCV的母婴传播，但其发生率较低（约10%）。在工人事故补偿保险中，通过干扰素治疗可预防医院内因HCV感染导致的急性丙型肝炎。