Teo C G
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1992 Sep 11;2(10):R109-14.
At least five viruses are recognised as causes of acute hepatitis which, in some instances, can develop into chronic disease. The viruses of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) are spread predominantly by the faecal-oral route, whereas hepatitis B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV and HDV) are spread by blood and other body fluids. The incubation period ranges from about four weeks for HAV to three months for HBV. The diagnosis mainly depends on the detection of various serological markers. The control of infection in the United Kingdom has been facilitated by the introduction of vaccines for HAV and HBV and screening blood for HBV and HCV. Good hygiene and sanitation, the availability of sterile equipment, and measures to modify the behaviour of high-risk groups such as injecting drug users, are also important in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.
至少有五种病毒被认为是急性肝炎的病因，在某些情况下，急性肝炎可发展为慢性疾病。甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）主要通过粪-口途径传播，而乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎病毒（HBV、HCV和HDV）则通过血液和其他体液传播。潜伏期从甲型肝炎病毒的约四周到乙型肝炎病毒的三个月不等。诊断主要依靠检测各种血清学标志物。在英国，甲型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒疫苗的引入以及对乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的血液筛查有助于控制感染。良好的卫生和环境卫生、无菌设备的可获得性以及改变注射吸毒者等高风险群体行为的措施，在病毒性肝炎的预防和控制中也很重要。
