Meleis A I, Messias D K, Arruda E N
Department of Mental Health Community and Administrative Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0608, USA.
Res Nurs Health. 1996 Feb;19(1):53-62. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199602)19:1<53::AID-NUR6>3.0.CO;2-K.
Although women are participating more in the formal workforce, the majority are employed primarily in low-income and low-status occupations. While work roles may provide women with some rewards, employment may also create many stressful demands on their daily lives. As part of an international study, 60 female Brazilian clerical workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire describing what they liked, disliked, and found stressful about the structural, physical, and social aspects of their work environment. Participants also identified strategies they used to cope with stress in the work environment. Dimensions of healthy environments identified in the data included utility, challenge, participation, safety, pleasing workplace, valuation, clarity of roles, and empowerment. Unhealthy environments were characterized by hazards, bureaucracy, devaluation, and economic constraints. Participants described their concerns about the effect of the environment on their physical and mental health, but tended to adopt a passive, resigned coping style rather than a proactive approach to co-creating a healthier work environment. The results and their relationship to healthy work environments are discussed within the context of the larger sociopolitical environment of Brazil.
尽管女性在正规劳动力市场中的参与度越来越高，但大多数女性主要从事低收入和低地位的职业。虽然工作角色可能会给女性带来一些回报，但就业也可能给她们的日常生活带来许多压力。作为一项国际研究的一部分，60名巴西女性文职人员回答了一份自我管理的问卷，问卷描述了她们对工作环境的结构、物理和社会方面喜欢、不喜欢以及感到有压力的地方。参与者还确定了她们用来应对工作环境压力的策略。数据中确定的健康环境维度包括实用性、挑战性、参与性、安全性、宜人的工作场所、重视度、角色清晰度和赋权。不健康的环境则具有危险、官僚主义、贬值和经济限制等特征。参与者描述了她们对环境对其身心健康影响的担忧，但往往采取消极、顺从的应对方式，而不是积极主动地共同创造一个更健康的工作环境。研究结果及其与健康工作环境的关系将在巴西更大的社会政治环境背景下进行讨论。
