Bouros D, Demoiliopoulos J, Panagou P, Yiatromanolakis N, Moschos M, Paraskevopoulos A, Demoiliopoulos D, Siafakas N M
Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Respiration. 1995;62(6):336-40. doi: 10.1159/000196476.
Studies investigating the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Greece are lacking. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health problem and its dimensions are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of pulmonary and pleural TB in each of the three branches of military personnel serving in the Greek armed forces, during the period 1965-1993. All military personnel with confirmed pulmonary or pleural TB during the period 1965-1993 were studied retrospectively. The age of the patients ranged from 18-45 years. A significant number of TB patients were detected by the regular chest radiography screening using mass miniature radiography during enrollment. The diagnosis of TB was made both by clinical and paraclinical examinations, such as history, symptoms, physical examination, tuberculin skin reactivity, chest X-ray and/or computed tomography of the thorax, bronchoscopy, microbiological examination of specimens (sputum, washings, bronchoalveolar lavage) as well as histological and bacteriological examination of the biopsies. We found that during the period studied, 4,628 patients were hospitalised for TB, 3,588 for pulmonary TB, and 1,040 for TB pleuritis (3,781 in the army, 445 in the navy and 402 in the air force). In 1965, the incidence (per 100,000) of TB (pulmonary and pleural) in the army was 60, in the navy 50, and in the air force 30. This incidence increased gradually from 1965 to 1980, followed by a decrease, since BCG vaccination became obligatory in 1980; values in 1993 were 18 in the army, 25 in the navy, and 15 in the air force. These figures are significantly higher than those reported for the civilian population, probably due to underreporting in the latter. Our results suggest that the incidence of TB in the Greek armed forces, although still high, is declining steadily. Strengthening of the anti-TB campaign is indicated.
希腊缺乏关于结核病流行病学的研究。结核病仍然是一个公共卫生问题，其规模尚未明确界定。本研究的目的是估计1965年至1993年期间在希腊武装部队服役的三个军种中每一个军种的肺结核和结核性胸膜炎的发病率。对1965年至1993年期间所有确诊为肺结核或结核性胸膜炎的军事人员进行了回顾性研究。患者年龄在18至45岁之间。在入伍期间，通过使用集体微型X光摄影进行定期胸部X光筛查发现了大量结核病患者。结核病的诊断通过临床和辅助临床检查进行，如病史、症状、体格检查、结核菌素皮肤反应性、胸部X光和/或胸部计算机断层扫描、支气管镜检查、标本（痰液、冲洗液、支气管肺泡灌洗）的微生物学检查以及活检的组织学和细菌学检查。我们发现，在所研究的期间，有4628名患者因结核病住院，其中3588名因肺结核住院，1040名因结核性胸膜炎住院（陆军3781名，海军445名，空军402名）。1965年，陆军中肺结核和结核性胸膜炎的发病率（每10万人）为60，海军为50，空军为30。这一发病率从1965年到1980年逐渐上升，随后下降，因为1980年开始强制接种卡介苗；1993年陆军的发病率为18，海军为25，空军为15。这些数字明显高于平民人口报告的数字，可能是因为平民人口报告不足。我们的结果表明，希腊武装部队中的结核病发病率虽然仍然很高，但正在稳步下降。有必要加强结核病防治运动。
