Shepperdson B
Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Swansea, England.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 1995 Oct;39 ( Pt 5):419-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00546.x.
A cohort of subjects with Down's syndrome born in South Wales, UK, in 1964, 1965 and 1966, and living at home, was studied as infants, teenagers and young adults (the original cohort). Carers were interviewed and the abilities of the subjects assessed, using a variety of measures. Average scores of the cohort improved over the years, although the rate of progress slowed down between the teenage and adult years. Scores were related to social class, stimulation given in the home, and at older ages, maternal age at the birth of the subject. This latter finding was unexpected. A comparative cohort of subjects with Down's syndrome from South Wales born in 1973, 1974 and 1975 was studied as infants and teenagers. They were at the same stage as the original cohort as infants and teenagers, but living 9 years later. In spite of the comparative cohort coming from a favoured background, in terms of social class and having access to improved services, mean scores at the teenage stage were only significantly better on one test of language than those of the original cohort at the same age. Most studies find that females with Down's syndrome have higher abilities than males: this was the case for the original cohort, but not for the comparative cohort.
对1964年、1965年和1966年出生在英国南威尔士、在家生活的一组唐氏综合征患者进行了研究，研究对象涵盖婴儿、青少年和青年（即原始队列）。对护理人员进行了访谈，并使用多种方法评估了研究对象的能力。尽管在青少年期和成年期之间进步速度有所放缓，但该队列的平均分数多年来有所提高。分数与社会阶层、家庭给予的刺激以及在年龄较大时与研究对象出生时母亲的年龄有关。后一项发现出乎意料。对1973年、1974年和1975年出生在南威尔士的一组唐氏综合征患者作为婴儿和青少年进行了比较研究。他们在婴儿期和青少年期与原始队列处于相同阶段，但生活时间晚9年。尽管比较队列来自社会阶层优越且能获得更好服务的背景，但在青少年阶段，仅在一项语言测试中的平均分数显著高于同年龄的原始队列。大多数研究发现，唐氏综合征女性的能力高于男性：原始队列是这种情况，但比较队列并非如此。
