Leoni L M, Losa G A
Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Feb 1;11(2):188-97. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199602010-00011.
The amounts of cell-surface glycosphingolipids and plasma membrane enzymes produced on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) isolated from 101 intravenous drug users (IDUs), of whom 91 were HIV-1 seropositive, were examined. Seronegative IDUs and age-matched healthy donors served as controls. The numbers of circulating CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes decreased during the advanced stages of the infection. There were also fewer CD4+ T-helper cells in HIV-1--seronegative IDU drug addicts. PBMNCs from HIV-1--seropositive subjects had abnormal surface enzyme kinetics. The phospholipase C had two pH optima, whereas the enzyme on normal cells has only one. The specific activity in cells from AIDS subjects was 4 times lower than that in normal PBMNCs. 5'-Nucleotidase showed a similar trend, whereas neutral endopeptidase activity did not correlate with the amounts of surface common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). These enzyme activities were decreased in HIV-seronegative IDUs. The subcellular distribution of enzymes and the profile of surface glycosphingolipids were also markedly changed, indicating the profound alterations in the membranes of PBMNCs from HIV-1--seropositive IDUs. These data suggest that intravenous drug use compromises the biochemical and structural integrity of the membrane surface of PBMNCs even before the onset of HIV.
对从101名静脉注射吸毒者（IDU）中分离出的外周血单个核细胞（PBMNC）上产生的细胞表面糖鞘脂和质膜酶的量进行了检测，其中91人HIV-1血清呈阳性。血清阴性的IDU和年龄匹配的健康供者作为对照。在感染的晚期，循环中的CD3 +、CD4 +和CD8 + T淋巴细胞数量减少。在HIV-1血清阴性的IDU吸毒者中，CD4 +辅助性T细胞也较少。来自HIV-1血清阳性受试者的PBMNC具有异常的表面酶动力学。磷脂酶C有两个最适pH值，而正常细胞上的该酶只有一个。艾滋病受试者细胞中的比活性比正常PBMNC低4倍。5'-核苷酸酶呈现类似趋势，而中性内肽酶活性与表面常见急性淋巴细胞白血病抗原（CALLA）的量无关。这些酶活性在HIV血清阴性的IDU中降低。酶的亚细胞分布和表面糖鞘脂的谱也发生了明显变化，表明来自HIV-1血清阳性IDU的PBMNC膜发生了深刻改变。这些数据表明，静脉注射吸毒甚至在HIV感染开始之前就损害了PBMNC膜表面的生化和结构完整性。
