Beale J M, Keil F C
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Cognition. 1995 Dec;57(3):217-39. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00669-x.
These studies suggest categorical perception effects may be much more general than has commonly been believed and can occur in apparently similar ways at dramatically different levels of processing. To test the nature of individual face representations, a linear continuum of "morphed" faces was generated between individual exemplars of familiar faces. In separate categorization, discrimination and "better-likeness" tasks, subjects viewed pairs of faces from these continua. Subjects discriminate most accurately when face-pairs straddle apparent category boundaries; thus individual faces are perceived categorically. A high correlation is found between the familiarity of a face-pair and the magnitude of the categorization effect. Categorical perception therefore is not limited to low-level perceptual continua, but can occur at higher levels and may be acquired through experience as well.
这些研究表明，类别知觉效应可能比通常认为的更为普遍，并且可以在截然不同的加工水平上以明显相似的方式出现。为了测试个体面部表征的本质，在熟悉面孔的各个范例之间生成了一个“变形”面孔的线性连续体。在单独的分类、辨别和“更相似”任务中，受试者观看了这些连续体中的面孔对。当面孔对跨越明显的类别边界时，受试者的辨别最为准确；因此，个体面孔是被分类感知的。在面孔对的熟悉程度和分类效应的大小之间发现了高度相关性。因此，类别知觉不仅限于低水平的知觉连续体，也可以在更高水平上出现，并且也可能通过经验习得。
