Kiesler S, Sproull L, Waters K
Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Jan;70(1):47-65. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.47.
The authors investigated basic properties of social exchange and interaction with technology in an experiment on cooperation with a human-like computer partner or a real human partner. Talking with a computer partner may trigger social identity feelings or commitment norms. Participants played a prisoner's dilemma game with a confederate or a computer partner. Discussion, inducements to make promises, and partner cooperation varied across trials. On Trial 1, after discussion, most participants proposed cooperation. They kept their promises as much with a text-only computer as with a person, but less with a more human-like computer. Cooperation dropped sharply when any partner avoided discussion. The strong impact of discussion fits a social contract explanation of cooperation following discussion. Participants broke their promises to a computer more than to a person, however, indicating that people make heterogeneous commitments.
作者在一项与类人计算机伙伴或真实人类伙伴合作的实验中，研究了社会交换的基本特性以及与技术的互动。与计算机伙伴交谈可能会引发社会身份感或承诺规范。参与者与一名同谋者或计算机伙伴进行了囚徒困境游戏。讨论、做出承诺的诱因以及伙伴的合作在不同试验中有所不同。在试验1中，经过讨论后，大多数参与者提议合作。他们对纯文本计算机和对人的承诺程度一样，但对更类人的计算机的承诺程度较低。当任何一方避免讨论时，合作急剧下降。讨论的强烈影响符合对讨论后合作的社会契约解释。然而，参与者对计算机的承诺比人更多地被打破，这表明人们做出的承诺是不同的。
