Lambert J L
Br J Psychol. 1977 Feb;68(1):77-83. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1977.tb01561.x.
Four retarded adults were exposed to a multiple variable interval-extinction schedule of reinforcement. The 2 min components were presented in a random order. Two subjects acquired the discrimination with an errorless procedure. The two other subjects learned the discrimination with errors. The schedule generated sequential contrast effects under both training procedures: response rates during periods of reinforcement were higher when a reinforcement period followed an extinction period than when it followed another reinforcement period. These results were confirmed in a second observation where eight retarded children were exposed to a multiple fixed ratio-extinction schedule of reinforcement. This study is the first demonstration of sequential contrast effects with human subjects during the acquisition of a discrimination without errors. The results are discussed in terms of Terrace's theory of errorless learning.
四名智力发育迟缓的成年人接受了强化的多变量间隔-消退时间表。2分钟的成分以随机顺序呈现。两名受试者通过无错误程序获得了辨别能力。另外两名受试者在有错误的情况下学会了辨别。在两种训练程序下，该时间表都产生了顺序对比效应：当强化期跟随消退期时，强化期的反应率高于跟随另一个强化期时。在第二项观察中，八名智力发育迟缓的儿童接受了强化的多固定比率-消退时间表，这些结果得到了证实。这项研究首次证明了在无错误辨别学习过程中人类受试者的顺序对比效应。根据 Terrace 的无错误学习理论对结果进行了讨论。
