Lambert J L
Am J Ment Defic. 1975 Nov;80(3):286-91.
Four groups of retarded children (N = 4 in each group) were trained to respond to a triangle with apex up (S+) and not to a triangle with apex down (S-), with and without errors. A free-operant procedure in which responding to S+ was intermittently reinforced and a trial procedure in which all responses to S+ were reinforced were compared. An extinction procedure in which responses were no longer reinforced was then introduced. Extinction resulted in substantial responding during S- for all groups, except the free-operant errorless group. S- responding during extinction did not differ between the errorless and error-trial groups and was maximum for the free-operant error group.
四组智障儿童（每组N = 4）接受训练，对顶角向上的三角形（S+）做出反应，而不对顶角向下的三角形（S-）做出反应，训练过程中有错误和无错误两种情况。比较了一种对S+的反应被间歇性强化的自由操作程序和一种对所有S+反应都进行强化的试验程序。然后引入了一种不再强化反应的消退程序。除自由操作无错误组外，所有组在消退过程中对S-都出现了大量反应。在消退过程中，无错误组和有错误试验组的S-反应没有差异，自由操作错误组的S-反应最大。
