Broersen J P, de Zwart B C, van Dijk F J, Meijman T F, van Veldhoven M
Coronel Laboratory/Study Center Work and Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jan;53(1):51-7. doi: 10.1136/oem.53.1.51.
The main objective is to describe the potential health and work problems of the aging employees in the Dutch working population. In this way, we can identify groups at extra risk of specific health problems.
In The Netherlands, occupational health services gather questionnaire data about work and health as part of periodical occupational health surveys (POHSs). These data from the POHSs of complaints about health and working conditions, aggregated into occupational groups and age categories, are used to provide indications for groups at extra risk of specific health problems. These problems are assessed by overviews of the relation between age and complaints about health and working conditions.
Almost all of the health questions show an increase in health complaints with increasing age. White collar workers, especially the high grade white collar workers, usually have lower complaint percentages on health questions than blue collar workers. Female employees have relatively high complaint percentages on the health questions. Differences between occupational groups in the complaints about work and working conditions reflect the differences in work demands and exposure. The relation between age and work complaints is generally inconsistent and weak. The complaint percentages on work questions of female employees tend to be equal to or lower than those of the male employees.
The absence of a clear increase of work complaints with advancing age in the presence of a decrease in health and working capacity may be explained by a selective turnover in the working population, especially in demanding occupations. To enhance the work participation of older employees it may be necessary to reduce the work demands and to increase decision latitude.
主要目标是描述荷兰劳动人口中老龄员工潜在的健康和工作问题。通过这种方式，我们可以识别出面临特定健康问题额外风险的群体。
在荷兰，职业健康服务机构收集有关工作和健康的问卷数据，作为定期职业健康调查（POHS）的一部分。这些来自POHS的关于健康和工作条件投诉的数据，按职业群体和年龄类别进行汇总，用于为面临特定健康问题额外风险的群体提供指示。这些问题通过对年龄与健康和工作条件投诉之间关系的概述来评估。
几乎所有健康问题都显示，随着年龄增长，健康投诉增加。白领，尤其是高级白领，在健康问题上的投诉百分比通常低于蓝领。女性员工在健康问题上的投诉百分比相对较高。职业群体在工作和工作条件投诉方面的差异反映了工作要求和接触情况的差异。年龄与工作投诉之间的关系通常不一致且较弱。女性员工在工作问题上的投诉百分比往往等于或低于男性员工。
在健康和工作能力下降的情况下，工作投诉没有随着年龄增长而明显增加，这可能是由于劳动人口中的选择性流动所致，尤其是在要求较高的职业中。为了提高老年员工的工作参与度，可能有必要降低工作要求并增加决策自由度。
