Freedman A M
Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 1995 Nov-Dec;36(6):397-406. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(95)90246-5.
Although hazardous, prediction is necessary for sensible programming for the future of psychiatry. Because of the multitude of variables essential for comprehending normal and abnormal behavior, a complex, all-encompassing model takes on increasing importance. Dualism and reductionism have had a chilling effect on progress in developing psychiatric models. The biopsychosocial model as elaborated by Dr. George Engel would appear to be a major step in moving toward an adequate workable model. Dr. Engel rejects the biomedical or Newtonian model in favor of the biopsychosocial model, basing his conception in part on developments in the past century, particularly the contributions of Einstein, Heisenberg, and Planck. The implications and relevance of these advances, including the work of Niels Bohr, are presented. Other ideas such as Chaos Theory and the work of Roger Penrose are also discussed, together with the new thinking that arises from them. This work reinforces notions of holism, leading to a more humanitarian psychiatry and medicine.
尽管存在风险，但预测对于为精神病学的未来进行明智规划是必要的。由于理解正常和异常行为需要众多变量，一个复杂、全面的模型变得越来越重要。二元论和还原论对精神病学模型的发展产生了阻碍作用。乔治·恩格尔博士所阐述的生物心理社会模型似乎是朝着一个适当的可行模型迈出的重要一步。恩格尔博士摒弃了生物医学或牛顿模型，转而支持生物心理社会模型，他的概念部分基于上个世纪的发展，特别是爱因斯坦、海森堡和普朗克的贡献。文中介绍了这些进展（包括尼尔斯·玻尔的工作）的影响和相关性。还讨论了诸如混沌理论和罗杰·彭罗斯的工作等其他观点，以及由此产生的新思维。这项工作强化了整体论观念，从而带来更具人道主义精神的精神病学和医学。
