Gainotti G, Miceli G, Caltagirone C
Eur Neurol. 1977;15(1):20-4. doi: 10.1159/000114784.
After having briefly discussed some of the most important models that are now used to understand or to classify the aphasic troubles, the authors explain the neurolinguistic model they are actually using to study some aspects of aphasics' verbal and nonverbal behavior. This theoretical model distinguishes proper linguistic from extralinguistic disturbances in the various clinical forms of aphasia. The existence in aphasia of extralinguistic components that might, in some way, influence verbal performances, is accepted by most authors. Much less obvious is the existence, at least in some clinical forms of aphasia, of proper linguistic (competence) disturbances. Our theoretical model assumes that in most clinical forms of aphasia some impairment of the semantic (lexical) structures of language exists, and it maintains that this trouble can be found both at the expressive and at the receptive level, both in verbal and in nonverbal tasks. Th results of some experimental investigations which give some support to this theoretical model, are briefly discussed.
在简要讨论了目前用于理解或分类失语症问题的一些最重要模型之后，作者解释了他们实际用于研究失语症患者言语和非言语行为某些方面的神经语言学模型。该理论模型在失语症的各种临床形式中区分了适当的语言障碍和语言外障碍。大多数作者都承认，在失语症中存在可能以某种方式影响言语表现的语言外成分。而至少在某些失语症临床形式中存在适当的语言（能力）障碍则不那么明显。我们的理论模型假设，在大多数失语症临床形式中，语言的语义（词汇）结构存在某种损伤，并且认为这种障碍在表达和接受层面、在言语和非言语任务中都能发现。文中简要讨论了一些为这一理论模型提供支持的实验研究结果。
