Gainotti G
Riv Patol Nerv Ment. 1976 Jun;97(3):142-59.
After a review of the explanations offered in the literature on the nature of aphasic disintegration, the author suggests that a nuclear impairment of semantic level of language integration may exist in many forms of aphasia. This hypothesis is supported by personal observations on verbal and non-verbal aspects of semantic impairment in aphasia. The incidence of semantic troubles is very high both at the level of verbal production and comprehension and at a non-verbal study of the "areas of meaning". No relationship was found between the incidence of semantic troubles and the ("fluent" or "non-fluent") clinical form of aphasia. A definite relationship exists between production of semantic paraphasias at the expressive level and number of semantic errors obtained as a verbal comprehension task, and between verbal semantic disorders and pathological performances at the non-verbal task of "semantic relationships".
在回顾了文献中对失语症解体本质的解释后，作者认为在多种失语症中可能存在语言整合语义层面的核心损伤。这一假设得到了对失语症语义损伤的言语和非言语方面的个人观察的支持。语义问题的发生率在言语表达和理解层面以及对“意义区域”的非言语研究中都非常高。未发现语义问题的发生率与失语症的（“流利型”或“非流利型”）临床形式之间存在关联。在表达层面的语义性错语产生与作为言语理解任务获得的语义错误数量之间，以及言语语义障碍与“语义关系”非言语任务中的病理表现之间存在明确的关联。
