Gladstone T R, Kaslow N J
Emory University Department of Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1995 Oct;23(5):597-606. doi: 10.1007/BF01447664.
This article presents a meta-analytic review of the association between attributional styles and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. In 28 studies involving 7500 subjects, the correlations were consistent with those predicted by the reformulated learned helplessness model of depression. For negative outcomes, attributions along the internal, stable, and global dimensions were associated positively with depression. Conversely, higher levels of depressive symptoms were related to more external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events. Additionally, overall composite maladaptive attributional patterns for positive and negative events were correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in youth. Effect sizes for these associations ranged from moderate to large (Cohen, 1977). Findings from the significance tests of the combined results support the theory. A large number of unretrieved studies revealing null effects would be needed to invalidate these findings.
本文对儿童和青少年归因方式与抑郁症状之间的关联进行了荟萃分析综述。在涉及7500名受试者的28项研究中，相关性与抑郁的重新表述的习得性无助模型所预测的一致。对于负面结果，在内部、稳定和全局维度上的归因与抑郁呈正相关。相反，较高水平的抑郁症状与对积极事件的更多外部、不稳定和特定归因有关。此外，青少年对积极和消极事件的总体综合适应不良归因模式与较高水平的抑郁症状相关。这些关联的效应大小从中度到高度（科恩，1977年）。综合结果的显著性检验结果支持该理论。需要大量未检索到的显示无效效应的研究才能使这些结果无效。
