Wolf J P, Feneux D, Ducot B, Rodrigues D, Jouannet P
Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Histologie, Embryologie, Université Paris V, Hôpital Cochin, France.
J Reprod Fertil. 1995 Nov;105(2):185-92. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.1050185.
Flagellar dyskinesia is characterized by abnormal sperm movement parameters and a negative sperm mucus penetration test. It is associated with structural pathologies of the axonemal complex (lack of outer dynein arms), of the periaxonemal complex (sliding spermatozoa and periaxonemal dyskinesia), or of both structures (short flagella). Even during in vitro fertilization, dyskinesia prevents the spermatozoon from getting through the egg vestment. However, in some cases, fertilization has been achieved using subzonal insemination. Flagellar dyskinesia is therefore an interesting model for investigating the role of sperm movement in the fusion process between the spermatozoon and the oolemma. Thirty-one patients requiring assisted fertilization were included in the study. Fifteen had spermatozoa in which the flagellum lacked outer dynein arms, 11 had anomalies of the periaxonemal complex (five with sliding spermatozoa and six with periaxonemal dyskinesia) and five had spermatozoa with short flagella. Seven men who produced spermatozoa with normal movement were selected as controls. Movement was evaluated using a computer-assisted analyser, and penetration was assessed using zona-free hamster eggs. At 37 degrees C, in semen, the dyskinetic spermatozoa had reduced straight line and curvilinear velocity and lateral head displacement compared with controls (P < 0.01). In the Percoll-selected sperm suspension, the only difference was that spermatozoa with periaxonemal anomalies maintained a narrow lateral head displacement compared with the controls (P < 0.001). After 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, the lateral head displacement of dyskinetic spermatozoa had not changed, while that of the controls showed a significant increase (4.5 to 5.6 microns; P < 0.05). The results from the sperm penetration assay for the spermatozoa lacking outer dynein arms were lower than those of the controls (47% versus 77%; P < 0.05) and the results for sliding spermatozoa and spermatozoa with periaxonemal dyskinesia were even lower (25% and 34%, respectively; P < 0.01). The fertilization rates after subzonal insemination were 46.5% for spermatozoa lacking outer dynein arms, 36.1% for spermatozoa with short flagella, 24.8% for sliding spermatozoa and 17.3% for spermatozoa with periaxonemal dyskinesia. There was a significant correlation between the curvilinear velocity of the Percoll-selected sperm suspensions and their fertilization rates after subzonal insemination (r = 0.5; P < 0.05) and their sperm penetration assays (r = 0.7; P < 0.001). The data provide evidence that sperm velocity is correlated with the ability to fuse with the oolemma.
鞭毛运动障碍的特征是精子运动参数异常以及精子黏液穿透试验呈阴性。它与轴丝复合体（缺乏外动力蛋白臂）、轴丝周围复合体（精子滑动和轴丝周围运动障碍）或两者结构（短鞭毛）的结构病变有关。即使在体外受精过程中，运动障碍也会阻止精子穿过卵膜。然而，在某些情况下，通过透明带下授精实现了受精。因此，鞭毛运动障碍是研究精子运动在精子与卵细胞膜融合过程中作用的一个有趣模型。31名需要辅助受精的患者被纳入研究。15名患者的精子鞭毛缺乏外动力蛋白臂，11名患者的轴丝周围复合体存在异常（5名精子滑动，6名轴丝周围运动障碍），5名患者的精子鞭毛短。选择7名产生运动正常精子的男性作为对照。使用计算机辅助分析仪评估运动情况，并使用去透明带仓鼠卵评估穿透情况。在37℃的精液中，与对照组相比，运动障碍的精子直线和曲线速度以及头部侧向位移降低（P<0.01）。在经Percoll选择的精子悬液中，唯一的差异是轴丝周围异常的精子与对照组相比头部侧向位移较窄（P<0.001）。在37℃孵育3小时后，运动障碍精子的头部侧向位移没有变化，而对照组的头部侧向位移显著增加（从4.5微米增加到5.6微米；P<0.05）。缺乏外动力蛋白臂的精子的精子穿透试验结果低于对照组（47%对77%；P<0.05），精子滑动和轴丝周围运动障碍精子的结果更低（分别为25%和34%；P<0.01）。透明带下授精后的受精率：缺乏外动力蛋白臂的精子为46.5%，短鞭毛精子为36.1%，精子滑动的为24.8%，轴丝周围运动障碍精子为17.3%。经Percoll选择的精子悬液的曲线速度与其透明带下授精后的受精率（r = 0.5；P<0.05）及其精子穿透试验结果（r = 0.7；P<0.001）之间存在显著相关性。数据提供了证据表明精子速度与与卵细胞膜融合的能力相关。
