Manley G A, Meyer B, Fischer F P, Schwabedissen G, Gleich O
Institut für Zoologie der Technischen Universität München, Germany.
J Morphol. 1996 Feb;227(2):197-212. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199602)227:2<197::AID-JMOR6>3.0.CO;2-6.
Quantitative details of the surface morphology of the hearing organ, the Papilla basilaris, as seen in the scanning electron microscope are described for the tufted duck Aythya fuligula and for comparison for the domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus, for which some published information is already available. As in the other avian species investigated to date, each papilla shows a unique constellation of features. The papilla of the tufted duck is 3.5 mm long in the unfixed state and contains 8,200 sensory hair cells. It shows systematic changes in its surface features along the length and across the width of the sensory epithelium. In general, its features and those of the chicken Papilla basilaris can be described as relatively primitive in comparison with other species. The tufted duck papilla does, however, show one feature that has so far been found to be well developed only in advanced papillae; the number of stereovilli per hair cell bundle is generally much higher on hair cells of the neural than those on the abneural side. This difference is only weakly developed in the chicken. It is clear that features considered to be evolutionarily advanced were acquired independently of one another during evolution and that each bird species can show a mosaic of primitive and advanced features.
本文描述了用扫描电子显微镜观察到的簇羽鸭（Aythya fuligula）听觉器官——基底乳头的表面形态定量细节，并与家鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus）进行比较，家鸡已有一些公开的相关信息。与迄今研究的其他鸟类一样，每个乳头都呈现出独特的特征组合。簇羽鸭的乳头在未固定状态下长3.5毫米，包含8200个感觉毛细胞。其表面特征在感觉上皮的长度和宽度上呈现出系统性变化。总体而言，与其他物种相比，其特征以及家鸡基底乳头的特征可描述为相对原始。然而，簇羽鸭乳头确实呈现出一种迄今仅在高级乳头中才发现发育良好的特征；每个毛细胞束的静纤毛数量在神经侧的毛细胞上通常比在非神经侧的毛细胞上高得多。这种差异在鸡中仅微弱显现。显然，被认为在进化上先进的特征在进化过程中是相互独立获得的，并且每个鸟类物种都可以呈现出原始特征和先进特征的镶嵌组合。
